美国知名心脏外科手术专家、心脏搭桥创始医生德贝基DeBakey逝世，享年99岁(3图)

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德贝基生前行医70年，设计了许多医疗器材，当中包括施行心脏手术必需的重要部件。DeBakey创建了一些新的手术步骤，如今它们已经成为心脏手术中的标准程序，很多人都认为德贝基是现代心脏手术之父。

他还一手把休斯敦贝勒医学院(The Baylor College of Medicine)发展成全美国首屈一指的医学院，去世前，他是贝勒医学院的chancellor emeritus。德贝基两年前因主动脉受损而接受手术时，所使用的手术步骤正是由他自己首创的。

德貝基11日晚於美國休斯敦的循道衛理醫院逝世，院方稱他死於自然。德貝基在2006年因主動脈受損要接受手術，手術的步驟正是由他所創。

卫理教会医院(Methodist Hospital)的系統總裁院长吉羅托Ron Girotto讚揚德貝基對元首名人和平民百姓都一視同仁。德贝基医生的名声使得许多人慕名而来，而他也把病人们悉数治愈：国家元首、演艺人士、商家和总裁，还有那些平凡不过的人们。他表示：“他改善了人類福祉，惠澤後世，”

德貝基DeBakey生于路易斯安娜州的黎巴嫩移民家庭。自小在父親的藥店裏聽醫生們談話，遂對醫藥產生興趣。德貝基於1932年在醫學院攻讀時，已研製出用於開心外科手術的心肺機器「滾筒泵」。之後，德貝基為醫學界帶來一個接一個的驚喜，共研創出超過70種醫學儀器，除協助設計人工心臟，還開發人工心臟泵，讓病人接受人工心臟移植手術前，能穩定他們的病情。在第二次世界大戰期間，德貝基更協助成立陸軍流動外科醫院（MASH）。上世纪60年代心脏移植手术得到发展的时候，DeBakey引起了媒体公众的广泛注意。

作為心臟外科「聖手」的德貝基，絕不固步自封，曾發表超過一千篇醫學論文。他在1950年代中期發展出有效的方法來導正主動脈瘤，以移植冷凍血管來取代致病的血管；在1960年代初期，他成為首個成功完成冠狀動脈分流術的人。

DeBakey还曾登上过美国《时代周刊》1965年5月刊的封面。德貝基在1996年更成為報章頭條的新聞人物，獲俄羅斯政府邀請，為當時的俄國總統葉利欽當醫療顧問。在他长达70多年的职业生涯中，操作过逾6万宗手术。曾治療的名人病人包括许多世界领袖和国际巨星，其中包括玛琳・黛德丽(Marlene Dietrich)杰瑞.刘易斯（Jerry Lewis）、希腊船王奥纳西斯（Aristotle Onassis）、英國溫莎公爵、俄罗斯前总统叶利钦、約旦國王侯賽因、土耳其總統奧扎爾，及多位美國總統包括甘迺迪、詹森和尼克遜等。

德貝基也是桃李滿天下，曾訓練數以百計心臟外科醫生成材，包括成功完成首宗人工心臟移植手術的名醫庫利。休斯顿著名小儿科医生于群陶医师也曾在德貝基的实验室工作过七年，受益良多。

德貝基在1964年首创了冠状动脉搭桥手术，这也是他最为知名的发明。德贝基医生生前也因为一手把休斯敦贝勒医学院发展成美国全国首屈一指的医学院而赢得美誉。

Michael DeBakey的资料照片。
拍摄于1996年5月21日。Alexander Natruskin

开创心脏搭桥手术的美国心脏外科医生德贝基(Michael DeBakey)逝世，享年99岁。

2008年4月23日，布什总统（左）与德贝基医生（右）在国会金奖颁奖典礼上聊天(Getty Images)

Dr. Michael E. DeBakey, whose innovative heart and blood vessel operations made him one of the most influential doctors in the United States, died Friday night in Houston, where he lived. He was 99.

His death at the Methodist Hospital was announced by the hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, where Dr. DeBakey was .

“Many consider Michael E. DeBakey to be the greatest surgeon ever,” The Journal of the American Medical Association said in 2005.

Dr. DeBakey’s pioneering surgical procedures in bypassing blocked arteries in the neck, legs and heart have been performed on millions of patients around the world. By the time he stopped a regular surgical schedule, when he was in his 80s, he had performed more than 60,000 operations.

He was also instrumental in making Houston a major center for heart surgery and research and transforming Baylor into one of the nation’s great medical education and research institutions.

And he was a leader in developing mechanical devices to assist failing hearts. An early invention, the roller pump, devised while he was in medical school in the 1930s, became the central component of the heart-lung machine, which takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery by supplying oxygenated blood to the brain. It helped inaugurate the era of open-heart surgery.

One of Dr. DeBakey’s innovations helped preserve his own life in 2006, when he underwent surgery to repair a torn aorta. He had devised the operation 50 years earlier. He spent months making what he called a miraculous recovery and then returned to an active schedule.

A number of his surgical inno-vations and observations were initially ridiculed. While working at Tulane University in New Orleans in 1939, Dr. DeBakey and Dr. Alton Ochsner made one of the first links between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Many prominent doctors derided the concept. Then, in 1964, the surgeon general documented the link.

Dr. DeBakey went on to discover — again in the face of professional skepticism — that Dacron grafts were excellent substitutes for damaged parts of arteries; the finding allowed surgeons to repair previously inoperable aneurysms of the aorta in the chest and abdomen.

His fame extended far outside operating rooms and medical colleges. His care of ailing world leaders made headlines. And with organizational and political skills and energy as enormous as his pride, Dr. DeBakey traveled the world well into advanced age, lecturing and helping to build cardiovascular centers. In 2005 alone he made four international trips.

In the cold war, Dr. DeBakey made about 20 visits to Moscow to lecture. The trust he earned helped shape recent history when, in a consultation in Russia, he determined that President Boris N. Yeltsin, who had fallen ill during a re-election campaign in 1996, could undergo coronary bypass surgery. Yeltsin’s doctors had contended that the president could not survive an operation, Dr. DeBakey said.

That consultation was credited with saving Yeltsin’s presidency, if not his life. (Yeltsin died last year at 76.)

“Calling in Dr. DeBakey was very important, a signal that he was in very serious condition, and consulting with a world leader in surgery this way was almost unthinkable in the Soviet period,” said Marshall I. Goldman, a Russian expert and senior scholar at Harvard.

In World War II, Dr. DeBakey helped modernize battlefield surgery by urging that doctors be moved from hospitals to the front lines, where only first aid had previously been given. Dr. DeBakey said that he and others created early versions of what became the mobile army surgical hospital, or MASH unit, in the Korean War. For changing the strategy of treating the wounded, the Army awarded him the Legion of Merit.

Dr. DeBakey also helped develop a medical program to care for returning war veterans. The Veterans Affairs hospital in Houston is named for him. And he was a driving force in rejuvenating the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Md., and turning it into the world’s leading repository of medical information.

Dr. DeBakey advised a number of presidents about health issues and, he said, consulted in the personal care of two of them: Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard M. Nixon. Even though Dr. DeBakey was on Nixon’s enemies list, the president invited him to the White House for a briefing after one of Dr. DeBakey’s visits to the Soviet Union.

Dr. DeBakey attributed his longevity in part to never having smoked and to genes that helped other members of his family live into their 90s. A relatively short man who looked 20 years younger than his age, he could fit into his Army uniform in his later years despite a lack of regular physical exercise, he said.

Even in his 90s, Dr. DeBakey arose at 5 a.m. every day, wrote in his study for two hours and then drove, often in a sports car, to the hospital, where he stayed until 6 p.m. After dinner, he usually returned to his library for more reading or writing before retiring after midnight.

Skilled Innovator

Michael Ellis DeBakey never lost the Southern drawl he acquired growing up in Lake Charles, La. He was born on Sept. 7, 1908, the oldest of five children of Lebanese-Christian immigrants who moved to the United States to escape religious intolerance in the Middle East. His parents chose Cajun country because French was spoken there, as it had been in Lebanon.

Dr. DeBakey credited much of his surgical success to his mother, Raheeja, for teaching him to sew, crochet and knit.

He was inspired to become a doctor from chats with local physicians while he worked at a pharmacy owned by his father, Shaker Morris DeBakey, who also owned rice farms.

While attending schools in Lake Charles and earning undergraduate and medical degrees from Tulane, he played the saxophone and clarinet in a band.

As a medical student, he showed a gift for innovation when an instructor asked him to find a pump to study pulse waves in arteries. From library research, he fashioned older pumps and rubber tubing into one that served the instructor’s purpose, calling it a roller pump.

This was before the time of blood banks, so Dr. DeBakey used the pump to transfuse blood directly from a donor to a patient. The pump was later adapted for use in the heart-lung machine.

来源：http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/13/health/13debakey.html?_r=1&ref=health&oref=slogin